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Astronomers

Life, Physical, and Social Science · SOC 19-2011

38.5% AI Exposure — Very High
$128,820
Median Annual Salary
Average
O*NET Outlook
200
Proj. Annual Openings
2,120
Employment (OEWS 2025)
+0.4%/yr
Empl. growth (2019–2025)
62/100
AI Resiliency Score

AI exposure from the Anthropic Economic Index (2025); salary from BLS; skills from O*NET. See /sources.

Decision card

Career Evidence Passport

SOC 19-2011 evidence across exposure, wages, projections, postings, certified LCAs, skills, and transitions.

Proxy / seed data labeledDescriptive-only
SOC exposure
38.5%
Very High · Anthropic AEI
Automation friction
53/100
Moderate friction; broad SOC seed ORS job-requirements coverage.
Wages
$128,820
H-1B offered wage $84,572; LCAs are filings.
Projected openings
200
BLS EP 2024–2034; employment change +2.2%.
Observed/proxy demand
135
FY2025 certified LCAs; 379 postings in 2025.

Skill evidence

Reading ComprehensionScienceCritical ThinkingActive ListeningWriting
  • H-1B values are certified Labor Condition Applications, not visa approvals.
  • Job postings are seed-static / seed-derived; treat as provider-ready proxy coverage until observed provider data is wired in.
  • Transition matches are directional skill-overlap context, not placement guarantees.
  • This release is a FutureGrid broad-SOC seed derived from public BLS ORS requirement concepts and categories, not direct occupation-level ORS survey estimates. It describes job requirements, not worker ability, AI capability, or displacement probability. Automation friction is a FutureGrid derived score and should be read alongside exposure, demand, wage, and projection signals.

Best transitions from here

Explore all pathways

Lower AI-exposure roles that reuse your skills, ranked by a transition score (skills that transfer, safety gain, pay and retraining effort).

AI Exposure Analysis

AI Exposure38.5%
AI Resiliency62/100
Exposure BandVery High
Sector Avg. Exposure9.7%

Across AI measures

Multiple exposure lenses for this occupation.

59.5%
Consensus
Actual adoption · Anthropic38.5%
AI capability · OpenAI43.8%
AI ability · AIOE96.3%
Automation baseline (2013) · Frey & Osborne4.1%

Top Skills

1.Reading Comprehension
2.Science
3.Critical Thinking
4.Active Listening
5.Writing

H-1B Visa Sponsorship Demand

View full H-1B trends →

Certified H-1B Labor Condition Applications naming this occupation, FY2016–FY2025. A descriptive high-skill labor-demand signal — employer filings, not visa approvals or individual outcomes. Note: one LCA can cover multiple worker positions.

1,061
Decade Total (Certified LCAs)
135
FY2025 Volume
0% of all H-1B filings in FY2025
$84,572
Median Offered Wage (Latest Year)
#167 of 776
Rank by Total Volume
H-1B filing volume, FY2016–FY2025

O*NET occupation profile

What this work involves

Observe, research, and interpret astronomical phenomena to increase basic knowledge or apply such information to practical problems.

Common titles: Astronomer, Astronomy Outreach Coordinator, Astrophysicist, Research Astrophysicist

Representative Tasks

  • Analyze research data to determine its significance, using computers.
  • Present research findings at scientific conferences and in papers written for scientific journals.
  • Study celestial phenomena, using a variety of ground-based and space-borne telescopes and scientific instruments.
  • Collaborate with other astronomers to carry out research projects.
  • Mentor graduate students and junior colleagues.

Detailed Work Activities

  • Analyze operational or research data.
  • Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.
  • Direct scientific activities.
  • Advise students on academic or career matters.
  • Collaborate on research activities with scientists or technical specialists.

Tools & Technologies

C · hotC++ · hotPython · hotThe MathWorks MATLAB · hotIBM SPSS Statistics · hotMicrosoft PowerPoint · hotOracle Java · hotR · hotSAS · hotAbstraction plus reference plus synthesis A++

Employment Projections & AI Exposure

15
Occupations Shown
12.1%
Avg AI Exposure
8
Bright Outlook
Horizontal bar chart showing occupations with the highest projected annual openings. Each bar length represents annual projected openings. Color uses a gradient from violet (lower) to cyan (higher). Summary statistics are shown above the chart.

Employment & Wage Trend

BLS OEWS, 2019–2025


Occupation Employment & Wage TrendMulti-year BLS OEWS history for SOC 19-2011: 2019 — employment: 2,070, median wage: $114,590; 2020 — employment: 1,910, median wage: $119,730; 2021 — employment: 1,930, median wage: $128,160; 2022 — employment: 2,160, median wage: $128,330; 2023 — employment: 2,080, median wage: $127,930; 2025 — employment: 2,120, median wage: $128,820.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See /sources.

Sector Comparison

MetricThis CareerSector Average
AI Exposure38.5%9.7%
OutlookAverage37% Bright
Median Salary$128,820N/A
AI Resiliency62/100N/A