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Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

Life, Physical, and Social Science · SOC 19-2042

4.3% AI Exposure — Medium
$101,920
Median Annual Salary
Average
O*NET Outlook
3,600
Proj. Annual Openings
23,470
Employment (OEWS 2025)
-3.6%/yr
Empl. growth (2019–2025)
96/100
AI Resiliency Score

AI exposure from the Anthropic Economic Index (2025); salary from BLS; skills from O*NET. See /sources.

Decision card

Career Evidence Passport

SOC 19-2042 evidence across exposure, wages, projections, postings, certified LCAs, skills, and transitions.

Proxy / seed data labeledDescriptive-only
SOC exposure
4.3%
Medium · Anthropic AEI
Automation friction
50/100
Moderate friction; broad SOC seed ORS job-requirements coverage.
Wages
$101,920
H-1B offered wage $82,799; LCAs are filings.
Projected openings
3,600
BLS EP 2024–2034; employment change +3.2%.
Observed/proxy demand
258
FY2025 certified LCAs; 4,593 postings in 2025.

Skill evidence

Reading ComprehensionSpeakingScienceCritical ThinkingActive Listening
  • H-1B values are certified Labor Condition Applications, not visa approvals.
  • Job postings are seed-static / seed-derived; treat as provider-ready proxy coverage until observed provider data is wired in.
  • Transition matches are directional skill-overlap context, not placement guarantees.
  • This release is a FutureGrid broad-SOC seed derived from public BLS ORS requirement concepts and categories, not direct occupation-level ORS survey estimates. It describes job requirements, not worker ability, AI capability, or displacement probability. Automation friction is a FutureGrid derived score and should be read alongside exposure, demand, wage, and projection signals.

Best transitions from here

Explore all pathways

Lower AI-exposure roles that reuse your skills, ranked by a transition score (skills that transfer, safety gain, pay and retraining effort).

AI Exposure Analysis

AI Exposure4.3%
AI Resiliency96/100
Exposure BandMedium
Sector Avg. Exposure9.7%

Across AI measures

Multiple exposure lenses for this occupation.

43.9%
Consensus
Actual adoption · Anthropic4.3%
AI capability · OpenAI46.7%
AI ability · AIOE80.6%
Automation baseline (2013) · Frey & Osborne63%

AI could do ~46.7% of this role but only ~4.3% is currently done with AI — a large capability-vs-adoption gap.

Top Skills

1.Reading Comprehension
2.Speaking
3.Science
4.Critical Thinking
5.Active Listening

H-1B Visa Sponsorship Demand

View full H-1B trends →

Certified H-1B Labor Condition Applications naming this occupation, FY2016–FY2025. A descriptive high-skill labor-demand signal — employer filings, not visa approvals or individual outcomes. Note: one LCA can cover multiple worker positions.

2,792
Decade Total (Certified LCAs)
258
FY2025 Volume
0% of all H-1B filings in FY2025
$82,799
Median Offered Wage (Latest Year)
#107 of 776
Rank by Total Volume
H-1B filing volume, FY2016–FY2025

O*NET occupation profile

What this work involves

Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Common titles: Engineering Geologist, Environmental Protection Geologist, Exploration Geologist, Geological Specialist, Geologist, Geophysicist

Representative Tasks

  • Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.
  • Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.
  • Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.
  • Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.
  • Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

Detailed Work Activities

  • Interpret research or operational data.
  • Analyze geological or geographical data.
  • Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.
  • Design research studies to obtain scientific information.
  • Research geological features or processes.

Tools & Technologies

ESRI ArcGIS software · hotMicrosoft PowerPoint · hotThe MathWorks MATLAB · hotGeographic information system GIS systemsAtoll GeoCADEarthWorks Downhole ExplorerEvolution Computing EasyCADGemcom SurpacGeographic information system GIS softwareGeosoft Oasis montaj

Employment Projections & AI Exposure

15
Occupations Shown
12.1%
Avg AI Exposure
8
Bright Outlook
Horizontal bar chart showing occupations with the highest projected annual openings. Each bar length represents annual projected openings. Color uses a gradient from violet (lower) to cyan (higher). Summary statistics are shown above the chart.

Employment & Wage Trend

BLS OEWS, 2019–2025


Occupation Employment & Wage TrendMulti-year BLS OEWS history for SOC 19-2042: 2019 — employment: 29,200, median wage: $92,040; 2020 — employment: 27,890, median wage: $93,580; 2021 — employment: 23,620, median wage: $83,680; 2022 — employment: 25,230, median wage: $87,480; 2023 — employment: 24,620, median wage: $92,580; 2025 — employment: 23,470, median wage: $101,920.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See /sources.

Sector Comparison

MetricThis CareerSector Average
AI Exposure4.3%9.7%
OutlookAverage37% Bright
Median Salary$101,920N/A
AI Resiliency96/100N/A