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Judicial Law Clerks

Legal · SOC 23-1012

17.0% AI Exposure — High
$64,920
Median Annual Salary
Average
O*NET Outlook
800
Proj. Annual Openings
13,290
Employment (OEWS 2025)
-3.7%/yr
Empl. growth (2019–2025)
83/100
AI Resiliency Score

AI exposure from the Anthropic Economic Index (2025); salary from BLS; skills from O*NET. See /sources.

Decision card

Career Evidence Passport

SOC 23-1012 evidence across exposure, wages, projections, postings, certified LCAs, skills, and transitions.

Proxy / seed data labeledDescriptive-only
SOC exposure
17.0%
High · Anthropic AEI
Automation friction
48/100
Moderate friction; broad SOC seed ORS job-requirements coverage.
Wages
$64,920
H-1B offered wage $66,560; LCAs are filings.
Projected openings
800
BLS EP 2024–2034; employment change +2.5%.
Observed/proxy demand
360
FY2025 certified LCAs; 1,672 postings in 2025.

Skill evidence

Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingWritingSpeaking
  • H-1B values are certified Labor Condition Applications, not visa approvals.
  • Job postings are seed-static / seed-derived; treat as provider-ready proxy coverage until observed provider data is wired in.
  • Transition matches are directional skill-overlap context, not placement guarantees.
  • This release is a FutureGrid broad-SOC seed derived from public BLS ORS requirement concepts and categories, not direct occupation-level ORS survey estimates. It describes job requirements, not worker ability, AI capability, or displacement probability. Automation friction is a FutureGrid derived score and should be read alongside exposure, demand, wage, and projection signals.

Best transitions from here

Explore all pathways

Lower AI-exposure roles that reuse your skills, ranked by a transition score (skills that transfer, safety gain, pay and retraining effort).

AI Exposure Analysis

AI Exposure17.0%
AI Resiliency83/100
Exposure BandHigh
Sector Avg. Exposure20.6%

Across AI measures

Multiple exposure lenses for this occupation.

55.7%
Consensus
Actual adoption · Anthropic17%
AI capability · OpenAI51.7%
AI ability · AIOE98.5%
Automation baseline (2013) · Frey & Osborne41%

AI could do ~51.7% of this role but only ~17% is currently done with AI — a large capability-vs-adoption gap.

Top Skills

1.Reading Comprehension
2.Active Listening
3.Critical Thinking
4.Writing
5.Speaking

H-1B Visa Sponsorship Demand

View full H-1B trends →

Certified H-1B Labor Condition Applications naming this occupation, FY2016–FY2025. A descriptive high-skill labor-demand signal — employer filings, not visa approvals or individual outcomes. Note: one LCA can cover multiple worker positions.

2,486
Decade Total (Certified LCAs)
360
FY2025 Volume
0% of all H-1B filings in FY2025
$66,560
Median Offered Wage (Latest Year)
#114 of 776
Rank by Total Volume
H-1B filing volume, FY2016–FY2025

O*NET occupation profile

What this work involves

Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.

Common titles: Appellate Law Clerk, Career Judicial Law Clerk, Career Law Clerk, Judicial Assistant, Judicial Clerk, Judicial Law Clerk

Representative Tasks

  • Prepare briefs, legal memoranda, or statements of issues involved in cases, including appropriate suggestions or recommendations.
  • Research laws, court decisions, documents, opinions, briefs, or other information related to cases before the court.
  • Draft or proofread judicial opinions, decisions, or citations.
  • Confer with judges concerning legal questions, construction of documents, or granting of orders.
  • Review complaints, petitions, motions, or pleadings that have been filed to determine issues involved or basis for relief.

Detailed Work Activities

  • Prepare documentation of legal proceedings.
  • Prepare legal documents.
  • Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making.
  • Confer with court staff to clarify information.
  • Identify implications for cases from legal precedents or other legal information.

Tools & Technologies

Microsoft Access · hotMicrosoft PowerPoint · hotThomson Reuters WestlawAderant CompuLawAmerican Legalnet Smart DocketsCanyon Solutions JcatsCompugov DocketViewInfocom JACSLegal Files softwareLexisNexis

Employment Projections & AI Exposure

7
Occupations Shown
21.6%
Avg AI Exposure
2
Bright Outlook
Horizontal bar chart showing occupations with the highest projected annual openings. Each bar length represents annual projected openings. Color uses a gradient from violet (lower) to cyan (higher). Summary statistics are shown above the chart.

Employment & Wage Trend

BLS OEWS, 2019–2025


Occupation Employment & Wage TrendMulti-year BLS OEWS history for SOC 23-1012: 2019 — employment: 16,630, median wage: $54,010; 2020 — employment: 14,690, median wage: $57,510; 2021 — employment: 14,800, median wage: $50,750; 2022 — employment: 15,540, median wage: $57,490; 2023 — employment: 14,680, median wage: $57,490; 2025 — employment: 13,290, median wage: $64,920.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See /sources.

Sector Comparison

MetricThis CareerSector Average
AI Exposure17.0%20.6%
OutlookAverage29% Bright
Median Salary$64,920N/A
AI Resiliency83/100N/A