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Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers

Legal · SOC 23-1021

30.5% AI Exposure — High
$117,860
Median Annual Salary
Average
O*NET Outlook
800
Proj. Annual Openings
16,370
Employment (OEWS 2025)
+2.2%/yr
Empl. growth (2019–2025)
70/100
AI Resiliency Score

AI exposure from the Anthropic Economic Index (2025); salary from BLS; skills from O*NET. See /sources.

Decision card

Career Evidence Passport

SOC 23-1021 evidence across exposure, wages, projections, postings, certified LCAs, skills, and transitions.

Proxy / seed data labeledDescriptive-only
SOC exposure
30.5%
High · Anthropic AEI
Automation friction
49/100
Moderate friction; broad SOC seed ORS job-requirements coverage.
Wages
$117,860
H-1B offered wage $169,200; LCAs are filings.
Projected openings
800
BLS EP 2024–2034; employment change -0.7%.
Observed/proxy demand
2
FY2025 certified LCAs; 2,070 postings in 2025.

Skill evidence

Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingWritingJudgment and Decision Making
  • H-1B values are certified Labor Condition Applications, not visa approvals.
  • Job postings are seed-static / seed-derived; treat as provider-ready proxy coverage until observed provider data is wired in.
  • Transition matches are directional skill-overlap context, not placement guarantees.
  • This release is a FutureGrid broad-SOC seed derived from public BLS ORS requirement concepts and categories, not direct occupation-level ORS survey estimates. It describes job requirements, not worker ability, AI capability, or displacement probability. Automation friction is a FutureGrid derived score and should be read alongside exposure, demand, wage, and projection signals.

Best transitions from here

Explore all pathways

Lower AI-exposure roles that reuse your skills, ranked by a transition score (skills that transfer, safety gain, pay and retraining effort).

AI Exposure Analysis

AI Exposure30.5%
AI Resiliency70/100
Exposure BandHigh
Sector Avg. Exposure20.6%

Across AI measures

Multiple exposure lenses for this occupation.

59%
Consensus
Actual adoption · Anthropic30.5%
AI capability · OpenAI50%
AI ability · AIOE96.4%
Automation baseline (2013) · Frey & Osborne64%

AI could do ~50% of this role but only ~30.5% is currently done with AI — a large capability-vs-adoption gap.

Top Skills

1.Reading Comprehension
2.Active Listening
3.Critical Thinking
4.Writing
5.Judgment and Decision Making

H-1B Visa Sponsorship Demand

View full H-1B trends →

Certified H-1B Labor Condition Applications naming this occupation, FY2016–FY2025. A descriptive high-skill labor-demand signal — employer filings, not visa approvals or individual outcomes. Note: one LCA can cover multiple worker positions.

2
Decade Total (Certified LCAs)
2
FY2025 Volume
0% of all H-1B filings in FY2025
$169,200
Median Offered Wage (Latest Year)
#645 of 776
Rank by Total Volume

O*NET occupation profile

What this work involves

Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.

Common titles: Adjudications Specialist, Adjudicator, Administrative Hearings Officer, Administrative Judge, Administrative Law Judge, Appeals Examiner

Representative Tasks

  • Determine existence and amount of liability according to current laws, administrative and judicial precedents, and available evidence.
  • Monitor and direct the activities of trials and hearings to ensure that they are conducted fairly and that courts administer justice while safeguarding the legal rights of all involved parties.
  • Prepare written opinions and decisions.
  • Authorize payment of valid claims and determine method of payment.
  • Conduct hearings to review and decide claims regarding issues, such as social program eligibility, environmental protection, or enforcement of health and safety regulations.

Detailed Work Activities

  • Make decisions in legal cases.
  • Direct courtroom activities or procedures.
  • Prepare written decisions for legal proceedings.
  • Authorize payments to settle legal disputes.
  • Conduct hearings to investigate legal issues.

Tools & Technologies

Microsoft Access · hotMicrosoft Excel · hotMicrosoft Outlook · hotMicrosoft PowerPoint · hotEmail softwareLexisNexisOnline databasesThomson Reuters Westlaw

Employment Projections & AI Exposure

7
Occupations Shown
21.6%
Avg AI Exposure
2
Bright Outlook
Horizontal bar chart showing occupations with the highest projected annual openings. Each bar length represents annual projected openings. Color uses a gradient from violet (lower) to cyan (higher). Summary statistics are shown above the chart.

Employment & Wage Trend

BLS OEWS, 2019–2025


Occupation Employment & Wage TrendMulti-year BLS OEWS history for SOC 23-1021: 2019 — employment: 14,380, median wage: $97,870; 2020 — employment: 14,570, median wage: $97,520; 2021 — employment: 13,840, median wage: $102,550; 2022 — employment: 12,490, median wage: $94,990; 2023 — employment: 14,670, median wage: $111,090; 2025 — employment: 16,370, median wage: $117,860.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See /sources.

Sector Comparison

MetricThis CareerSector Average
AI Exposure30.5%20.6%
OutlookAverage29% Bright
Median Salary$117,860N/A
AI Resiliency70/100N/A