Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Legal · SOC 23-1023
AI exposure from the Anthropic Economic Index (2025); salary from BLS; skills from O*NET. See /sources.
Decision card
Career Evidence Passport
SOC 23-1023 evidence across exposure, wages, projections, postings, certified LCAs, skills, and transitions.
- SOC exposure
- 31.1%
- Very High · Anthropic AEI
- Automation friction
- 49/100
- Moderate friction; broad SOC seed ORS job-requirements coverage.
- Wages
- $153,990
- No H-1B offered-wage row for this SOC.
- Projected openings
- 1,500
- BLS EP 2024–2034; employment change +2.5%.
- Observed/proxy demand
- —
- FY— certified LCAs; 3,317 postings in 2025.
Skill evidence
- H-1B values are certified Labor Condition Applications, not visa approvals.
- Job postings are seed-static / seed-derived; treat as provider-ready proxy coverage until observed provider data is wired in.
- Transition matches are directional skill-overlap context, not placement guarantees.
- This release is a FutureGrid broad-SOC seed derived from public BLS ORS requirement concepts and categories, not direct occupation-level ORS survey estimates. It describes job requirements, not worker ability, AI capability, or displacement probability. Automation friction is a FutureGrid derived score and should be read alongside exposure, demand, wage, and projection signals.
Best transitions from here
Explore all pathways→Lower AI-exposure roles that reuse your skills, ranked by a transition score (skills that transfer, safety gain, pay and retraining effort).
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AI Exposure Analysis
Across AI measures
Multiple exposure lenses for this occupation.
Top Skills
H-1B Visa Sponsorship Demand
View full H-1B trends →No H-1B certified LCA filings recorded for this occupation in FY2016–FY2025.
O*NET occupation profile
What this work involves
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
Common titles: Circuit Court Judge, Circuit Judge, County Judge, Court of Appeals Judge, District Court Judge, Judge
Representative Tasks
- •Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.
- •Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.
- •Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.
- •Write decisions on cases.
- •Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.
Detailed Work Activities
- •Make decisions in legal cases.
- •Direct courtroom activities or procedures.
- •Conduct hearings to investigate legal issues.
- •Prepare written decisions for legal proceedings.
- •Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making.
Tools & Technologies
Employment Projections & AI Exposure
Employment & Wage Trend
BLS OEWS, 2019–2025
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See /sources.
Sector Comparison
| Metric | This Career | Sector Average |
|---|---|---|
| AI Exposure | 31.1% | 20.6% |
| Outlook | Average | 29% Bright |
| Median Salary | $153,990 | N/A |
| AI Resiliency | 69/100 | N/A |